GRAMMAR: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Và Những lỗi sĩ tử hay mắc phải
-
Nhớ câu thần chú : Unless = if not chỉ dùng cho câu điền kiện loại 1 (hiếm dùng
cho loại 2 và 3)
1. Câu Đk Loại 1 và Đảo ngữ
câu Điều Kiện loại 1:
CT: If + S + V(s/es), S +
will/may/can + Vo .
Đảo ngữ: -> Should + S +
Vo, S + will/may/can + Vo
Ex:
If you brother contacts the travel agent earlier, he may get a better fare
Đảo
ngữ: _____ your brother contact the travel agent earlier, he may get a better
fare
A.
should B. If C. unless D. Had
+
Đa số hs chọn B, vì nghĩ câu dk loại 1, những ko nhớ đảo ngữ. Làm thì phải phân
tích kỹ nhé, đừng thấy Bộ giáo dục cho đề dễ ùi cuời mũm mĩm Nếu chọn B. thì
contact sao ko chia thì, phải "contacts" mới đúng. Đảo ngữ Should thì
V ở dạng nguyên mẫu. Cho nên chọn A
2) Câu ĐK Loại 2 và Đảo ngữ
câu Điều Kiện loại 2:
- CT: If + S + V(2/ed/were), S
+ would/could/might + Vo
- Đảo ngữ: Were + S + O, S +
would/could + Vo
- Đảo ngữ: Were + S (not) + to
Vo, S + would/could/might + Vo
Ex:
If I were you, I wouldn't by that expensive car
Đảo
ngữ: ____ I you, I wouldnt' buy that expensive car.
A.
Had B. Were C.Should. D be.
-->
Đảo ngữ loại 2 , chọn B
Ex:
If she let the opportunities go by, she _____
A.had
regretted C will regretted
B
would regretted. D would have regrettted
+
Chắc chắn có đứa chọn C, A và D sai ngữ pháp. Đáp án là B nhé. vì Let là Quá
Khứ Đơn. Let --> Let --> Let. Nếu chọn C thì Let phải thêm "s"
nhé.
3) Câu điều Kiện loại 3 và Đảo
ngữ câu Điều Kiện loại 3:
- CT: If + S + Had + V(3/ed),
S + would have + V(3/ed)
- Đảo ngữ: Had + S + V(3/ed),
S + would have + V(3/ed)
Ex:
If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam
-
Đ/N: Had you studied harder, you would have passed the exam
4) Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp.
Ex.
If It had not rained yesterday, the road ______ slippery now
A.
Would not be B would have not
been C. will be D
be
+
Chọn A nhé, vì "now" là dấu hiệu ko có thật hiện
tại;"yesterday" là dấu hiệu quá khứ. đừng thấy câu ĐK loại 3 mà chọn
B nhé.
Ex:
If she had arrived there yesterday, she can come here tomorrow
5) Without = If there were no
Ex:
Without water, we could n`t live.
--->
If there were no water, we couldn`t live
6 But for = If it were not for
Ex:
But for your held, I would have been in trouble
-->
If it were not for your help, I would have been in trouble
7) Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ
câu có Or, otherwise sang dùng if :
Dạng
này thường có cấu trúc là câu mệnh lệnh + or, otherwise + S will …
Ex:
Hurry up, or you will be late
-->
If you don`t hurry, you will be late
-
Các cụm từ thay thế cho If: As soon as = ngay khi, Provided/providing
that = miễn là, In case = phòng khi, As long as = miễn là.
Ex:
We have bought extra food _____ our friends stay to dinner.
A.in
case B.
if C. provided D. as long as.
Chọn
A. Chúng ta cần mua thêm thức ăn phòng khi bạn của chúng ta ở lại ăn tối.
- Đảo ngữ: Were + S + O, S +
would/could + Vo
- Đảo ngữ: Were + S (not) + to
Vo, S + would/could/might + Vo
Ex:
If I were you, I wouldn't by that expensive car
Đảo
ngữ: ____ I you, I wouldnt' buy that expensive car.
A.
Had B. Were C.Should. D be.
-->
Đảo ngữ loại 2 , chọn B
Ex:
If she let the opportunities go by, she _____
A.had
regretted C will regretted
B
would regretted. D would have regrettted
+
Chắc chắn có đứa chọn C, A và D sai ngữ pháp. Đáp án là B nhé. vì Let là Quá
Khứ Đơn. Let --> Let --> Let. Nếu chọn C thì Let phải thêm "s"
nhé.
PHẦN BÀI TẬP
Bài 1: Cho dạng
đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1. If she sees me,
she ________ (give) me a gift.
2. If I had a computer,
I ________ (type) it myself.
3. If I had known
that you were in hospital, I ________ (visit) you.
4. He wouldn’t
drink that black coffee if he _____ (be) you
5. You could make
better progress if you _____ (attend) class regularly.
6. If she _____
(know) his telephone number, she’d give it to you.
7. If you _____
(arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
8. If he worked
more slowly, he _____ (not make) so many mistakes.
9. If I _____
(find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.
10. A large number of
people _____ (be) out of work if the company closed down
Đáp án
1. will give
2. would type
3. would have visited
4. were
5. attended
6. knew
7. had arrived
8. wouldn't make
9. find
10. were
Bài 2: Bài tập chuyển
sang câu điều kiện
1. Keep quiet or
you’ll wake the daddy up.
→ If you don't
keep quiet, you will wake the daddy up.
2. Hurry up or you
miss the school bus
à…………………………………….....….…….
3. Listen to me and
you will not have any trouble
à
…………………………………….....….…….
4. Stop talking about
that or I will kill you.
→ If …………………………………….....….…….
5. She doesn’t know
his number, so she doesn’t ring his up.
→If …………………………………….....….……..
6. I don’t know the
answer, so I can’t tell you.
→ If
…………………………………………….………..
7. Without this
treatment, the patient would have died.
→……………………………………….….…...
8. We got lost
because we didn’t have a map.
→ If
…………………………………….……..…….……
9. Robert got a bad
cough because he started smoking cigarettes.
→………………………………..…..
10. Lan felt sick
because she drank four cups of black coffee.
→……………………………………………..……
11. I lost my job
because I was late every day.
→………………………………………………...……
12. John is think because
he doesn’t eat anything.
→……………………………………………………...…..
Đáp án
2. If you don't hurry, you will miss the school bus
3. If you don't listen to me, you will have some troubles
4. If you don't stop talking about that, I will kill you
5. If she knew his number, she would ring his up
6. If I knew the answer, I could tell you
7. If the patient hadn't got this treatment, he would have died
8. If we had had a map, we wouldn't have got lost
9. If Robert had not started smoking cigarettes, he wouldn't have had a bad cough
10. If Lan hadn't drunk four cups of black coffee, she wouldn't have felt sick
Bài 3: Chọn đáp án
đúng.
1. I would have
visited you before if you ______ there.
A. had B. had been C.
would be D.
was
2. If you had
caught the bus, you _____ late for work.
A. wouldn't have
been B. would have been
C. wouldn’t be D. would be
3. Will you be
angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal
4. If I _____, I
would express my feelings.
A. were asked B.
would ask C. had been
asked D. asked
5. If _____ as I
told her, she would have succeeded.
A. she has done B. she had done C.
she does D. she did
6. You made a
mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her.
A. would have been/
hadn't lied B.
would be/ didn't lie
C. will be/ don't
lie D.
would be/ hadn't lied
7. If the tree
hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down.
A. could have
climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed
8. John would be
taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.
A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D.
invests
9. She wouldn't
have given them all that money if we _____ her to.
A. wouldn’t advise
B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise
10. If the wall
weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.
A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb
11. If I _____ her
phone number, I _____ her last night
A. had known/ could
have phoned B. knew/ would
have phoned
C. know/ can phone D. knew/
could phone
12. If he ______
the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.
A. tells B. told C.
had told D. would tell
13. If you press
that button what _____?
A. would happen B. would have happened
C. will happen D.
happen
14. She says if she
_____ that the traffic lights were red she _____.
A. had realized/
would stop B. realized/ could have stopped
C. has realized/
stopped D. had
realized/ would have stopped
15. I am very thin.
I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat.
A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped
16. If I _____ that
yesterday, I _____ them.
A. had discovered/
would inform B. had
discovered/ would have informed
C. had discovered/
could inform D.
discovered/ can inform
17. If you _______
to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year.
A. go/ gave B. go/
give
C. had gone/ would
have given D. went/
would give
18. I think he is
not at home. If he _____ in, he ______ the phone.
A. was/ answered B. were/ would
answer
C. were/ would have
answered D. had been/
would have answered
19. If I ______ in
London now, I could visit British Museum.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be
20. If Columbus
_______ money from Queen Isabella, he _______ across the Atlantic.
A. do not receive/
could not sail
B. had not
received/ might not have sailed
C. did not receive/
might not have sailed
D. would not receive/ might not sail
